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Compare Macau (2002) - Northern Mariana Islands (2001)
Compare Macau (2002) z Northern Mariana Islands (2001)
| Macau (2002) | Northern Mariana Islands (2001) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | none (special administrative region of China) | none (commonwealth in political union with the US); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four municipalities at the second order; Northern Islands, Rota, Saipan, Tinian |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 21.8% (male 52,262; female 48,439)
15-64 years: 70.9% (male 154,942; female 172,647) 65 years and over: 7.3% (male 13,616; female 19,927) (2002 est.) |
0-14 years:
23.55% (male 8,929; female 8,639) 15-64 years: 74.72% (male 26,242; female 29,509) 65 years and over: 1.73% (male 639; female 654) (2001 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | rice, vegetables | coconuts, fruits, vegetables; cattle |
| Airports | 1 (2001) | 6 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total: 1
over 3,047 m: 1 (2002) |
total:
3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | - | total:
3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 2 (2000 est.) |
| Area | total: 25.4 sq km
land: 25.4 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total:
477 sq km land: 477 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes 14 islands including Saipan, Rota, and Tinian |
| Area - comparative | about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC | 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs. | Under US administration as part of the UN Trust Territory of the Pacific, the people of the Northern Mariana Islands decided in the 1970s not to seek independence but instead to forge closer links with the US. Negotiations for territorial status began in 1972. A covenant to establish a commonwealth in political union with the US was approved in 1975. A new government and constitution went into effect in 1978. |
| Birth rate | 12.19 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) | 20.6 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Budget | revenues: $1.15 billion
expenditures: $1.03 billion, including capital expenditures of $166 million (2000 est.) |
revenues:
$221 million expenditures: $213 million, including capital expenditures of $17.7 million (1996) |
| Capital | - | Saipan |
| Climate | subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers | tropical marine; moderated by northeast trade winds, little seasonal temperature variation; dry season December to June, rainy season July to October |
| Coastline | 41 km | 1,482 km |
| Constitution | Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution" | Covenant Agreement effective 4 November 1986 and the Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands effective 1 January 1978 |
| Country name | conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region
conventional short form: Macau local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese) local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese) |
conventional long form:
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands conventional short form: Northern Mariana Islands former: Mariana Islands District (Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands) |
| Currency | pataca (MOP) | US dollar (USD) |
| Death rate | 3.78 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) | 2.4 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Debt - external | $1.5 billion (1998) | $NA |
| Dependency status | special administrative region of China | commonwealth in political union with the US; federal funds to the Commonwealth administered by the US Department of the Interior, Office of Insular Affairs |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | the US has no offices in Macau, and US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong | - |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none (special administrative region of China) | - |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $NA | extensive funding from US |
| Economy - overview | Macau's economy two years after reversion to China remains one of the most open in the world, according to the World Trade Organization. The government collects no duty on imports and sets no restrictions on exports beyond those required by international agreements. The territory's net exports of goods and services account for 35% of GDP, with tourism and apparel exports as the mainstays. The territory therefore has been hit hard by the 2001 downturn in its key US and EU export markets. Tourism remained strong, however, driven by a surge in visitors from mainland China. In response to the expected contraction of the economy in 2002, the government has announced a stimulative income tax cut and public works program that will push the budget into deficit. China already has extended support by easing restrictions on travel to Macau and is proposing a China-Hong Kong-Macau free trade area. China's economic weight is increasingly felt, with the mainland now holding more than 50% of assets in the financial, real estate, and construction sectors. Mainlanders, however, have been excluded from bidding on the gambling industry licenses that Macau is offering to break up the territory's four-decade-old gambling monopoly. Gambling taxes account for up to 60% of revenue, and the government with Beijing's backing intends to revitalize the industry. | The economy benefits substantially from financial assistance from the US. The rate of funding has declined as locally generated government revenues have grown. The key tourist industry employs about 50% of the work force and accounts for roughly one-fourth of GDP. Japanese tourists predominate. Annual tourist entries have exceeded one-half million in recent years, but financial difficulties in Japan have caused a temporary slowdown. The agricultural sector is made up of cattle ranches and small farms producing coconuts, breadfruit, tomatoes, and melons. Garment production is by far the most important industry with employment of 12,000 mostly Chinese workers and sizable shipments to the US under duty and quota exemptions. |
| Electricity - consumption | 1.476 billion kWh (2000) | NA kWh |
| Electricity - exports | 1 million kWh (2000) | - |
| Electricity - imports | 175 million kWh (2000) | - |
| Electricity - production | 1.4 billion kWh (2000) | NA kWh |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000) |
- |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: South China Sea 0 m
highest point: Coloane Alto 172.4 m |
lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Agrihan 965 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA | contamination of groundwater on Saipan may contribute to disease; clean-up of landfill; protection of endangered species conflicts with development |
| Ethnic groups | Chinese 95%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry), Portuguese, other | Chamorro, Carolinians and other Micronesians, Caucasian, Japanese, Chinese, Korean |
| Exchange rates | patacas per US dollar - 8.033 (January 2002), 8.034 (2001), 8.026 (2000), 7.992 (1999), 7.979 (1998), 7.975 (1997); note - linked to the Hong Kong dollar at the rate of 1.03 patacas per Hong Kong dollar | the US dollar is used |
| Executive branch | chief of state: President of China JIANG Zemin (since 27 March 1993)
head of government: Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999) cabinet: Executive Council consists of all five government secretaries, three legislators, and two businessmen elections: chief executive chosen by a 200-member selection committee for up to two five-year terms |
chief of state:
President George W. BUSH of the US (since 20 January 2001); Vice President Richard B. CHENEY (since 20 January 2001) head of government: Governor Pedro P. TENORIO (since NA January 1998) and Lieutenant Governor Jesus R. SABLAN (since NA January 1998) cabinet: NA elections: US president and vice president elected on the same ticket for four-year terms; governor and lieutenant governor elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held in NA November 1997 (next to be held NA November 2001) election results: Pedro P. TENORIO elected governor in a three-way race; percent of vote - Pedro P. TENORIO (Republican Party) 47% |
| Exports | $2.5 billion f.o.b. (2000) | $NA |
| Exports - commodities | clothing, textiles, cement, electronics, cameras | garments |
| Exports - partners | US 48%, EU 28%, China 10%, Hong Kong 7% (2000) | US |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | 1 October - 30 September |
| Flag description | light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller | blue, with a white, five-pointed star superimposed on the gray silhouette of a latte stone (a traditional foundation stone used in building) in the center, surrounded by a wreath |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $8 billion (2001 est.) | purchasing power parity - $900 million (2000 est.)
note: GDP numbers reflect US spending |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: 1%
industry: 25% services: 74% (2000 est.) |
agriculture:
NA% industry: NA% services: NA% |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $17,600 (2001 est.) | purchasing power parity - $12,500 (2000 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 0.5% (2001 est.) | NA% |
| Geographic coordinates | 22 10 N, 113 33 E | 15 12 N, 145 45 E |
| Geography - note | essentially urban; one causeway and two bridges connect the two islands of Coloane and Taipa to the peninsula on mainland | strategic location in the North Pacific Ocean |
| Heliports | - | 1 (2000 est.) |
| Highways | total: 50 km
paved: 50 km unpaved: 0 km (2001) |
total:
362 km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km (1991) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | $2.3 billion c.i.f. (2000) | $NA |
| Imports - commodities | clothing, textiles, yarn, minerals, electrical machinery, fuel, livestock | food, construction equipment and materials, petroleum products |
| Imports - partners | China 41%, Hong Kong 15%, EU 10%, Taiwan 10%, Japan 6% (2000) | US, Japan |
| Independence | none (special administrative region of China) | none (commonwealth in political union with the US) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | NA% |
| Industries | tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys | tourism, construction, garments, handicrafts |
| Infant mortality rate | 4.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) | 5.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | -2% (2001 est.) | 1.2% (1997 est.) |
| International organization participation | CCC, ESCAP (associate), IHO, IMO (associate), Interpol (subbureau), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), WMO, WToO (associate), WTrO | ESCAP (associate), Interpol (subbureau), SPC |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 1 (2000) | 1 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | The Court of Final Appeal in the Macau Special Administrative Region | Commonwealth Supreme Court; Superior Court; Federal District Court |
| Labor force | 218,000 (2001) | 6,006 total indigenous labor force; 2,699 unemployed; 28,717 foreign workers (1995) |
| Labor force - by occupation | restaurants and hotels 26%, manufacturing 20%, other services and agriculture 54% (2000 est.) | NA |
| Land boundaries | total: 0.34 km
border countries: China 0.34 km |
0 km |
| Land use | arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: "green areas" represent 22.4% (1998 est.) |
arable land:
21% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 19% forests and woodland: 0% other: 60% |
| Languages | Portuguese, Chinese (Cantonese) | English, Chamorro, Carolinian
note: 86% of population speaks a language other than English at home |
| Legal system | based on Portuguese civil law system | based on US system, except for customs, wages, immigration laws, and taxation |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (27 seats; 10 elected by popular vote, 10 by indirect vote, and 7 appointed by the chief executive; members serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 23 September 2001 (next to be held NA 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats by political bloc - Entertainment Industry 3, pro-democracy 2, pro-Beijing Labor Union 2, pro-Beijing Neighborhood Association 2, pro-business 1 |
bicameral Legislature consists of the Senate (9 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year staggered terms) and the House of Representatives (18 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve two-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 9 November 1999 (next to be held NA November 2001); House of Representatives - last held 9 November 1999 (next to be held NA November 2001) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Republican Party 6, Democratic Party 2, Reform Party 1; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Republican Party 10, Democratic Party 8 note: the Commonwealth does not have a nonvoting delegate in the US Congress; instead, it has an elected official or "resident representative" located in Washington, DC; seats by party - Republican Party 1 (Juan N. BABAUTA) |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 81.78 years
male: 78.97 years female: 84.73 years (2002 est.) |
total population:
75.74 years male: 72.65 years female: 79.02 years (2001 est.) |
| Literacy | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 90% male: 93% female: 86% (1981 est.) |
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 97% male: 97% female: 96% (1980 est.) |
| Location | Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China | Oceania, islands in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to the Philippines |
| Map references | Southeast Asia | Oceania |
| Maritime claims | not specified | exclusive economic zone:
200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | none (2002 est.) | none (2000 est.) |
| Military - note | responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999 | defense is the responsibility of the US |
| Military branches | no regular indigenous military forces; responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999; there is a local police force | - |
| Military manpower - availability | males age 15-49: 128,005 (2002 est.) | - |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | males age 15-49: 70,508 (2002 est.) | - |
| National holiday | National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day | Commonwealth Day, 8 January (1978) |
| Nationality | noun: Chinese
adjective: Chinese |
noun:
NA adjective: NA |
| Natural hazards | typhoons | active volcanoes on Pagan and Agrihan; typhoons (especially August to November) |
| Natural resources | NEGL | arable land, fish |
| Net migration rate | 9.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) | 18 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | there are no formal political parties, however, there are civic associations that, for purposes of legislative voting, join together to form political blocs | Democratic Party [Dr. Carlos S. CAMACHO]; Republican Party [Benigno R. FITIAL] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | Catholic Church [Domingos LAM, bishop]; Macau Society of Tourism and Entertainment or STDM [Stanley HO, managing director]; Union for Democracy Development [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong, leader] | NA |
| Population | 461,833 (July 2002 est.) | 74,612 (July 2001 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 1.75% (2002 est.) | 3.62% (2001 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Macau | Saipan, Tinian |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998) | AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 1 (1998) |
| Radios | 160,000 (1997) | NA |
| Railways | 0 km | 0 km |
| Religions | Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.) | Christian (Roman Catholic majority, although traditional beliefs and taboos may still be found) |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
at birth:
1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.89 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.98 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
| Suffrage | direct election 18 years of age, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies | 18 years of age; universal; indigenous inhabitants are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections |
| Telephone system | general assessment: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services
domestic: NA international: HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) |
general assessment:
NA domestic: NA international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 176,902 (November 2001) | 21,000 (1996) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 158,251 (November 2001) | 1,200 (1995) |
| Television broadcast stations | 0 (receives Hong Kong broadcasts) (1997) | 1 (on Saipan and one station planned for Rota; in addition, two cable services on Saipan provide varied programming from satellite networks) (1997) |
| Terrain | generally flat | southern islands are limestone with level terraces and fringing coral reefs; northern islands are volcanic |
| Total fertility rate | 1.31 children born/woman (2002 est.) | 1.76 children born/woman (2001 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | 6.5% (2001 est.) | NA% |
| Waterways | none | none |
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